[{"_1":2,"_120":-5,"_121":-5},"loaderData",{"_3":4,"_27":28,"_29":30},"root",{"_5":6,"_7":-5,"_8":9},"locale","id","session","ENV",{"_10":11,"_12":13,"_14":15,"_16":17,"_18":17,"_19":20,"_21":22,"_23":24,"_25":26},"APP_ENV","development","APP_URL","https://eunomia.veritask.ai","GA_MEASUREMENT_ID","G-X1BV3QBZEM","META_PIXEL_ID","","TIKTOK_PIXEL_IDS","CLARITY_PROJECT_ID","wna53wookm","AMPLITUDE_API_KEY","7e63bba8e40e975f05a764d0760dae98","MIDTRANS_CLIENT_KEY","Mid-client-Utk0Sjf97WJDzPZp","MIDTRANS_SNAP_URL","https://app.sandbox.midtrans.com/snap/snap.js","routes/$locale",{"_5":6},"routes/$locale.search-engine.regulation.$regulationId",{"_31":32,"_33":34},"regulationId","b805ce68-6e4b-4a6e-95cf-a792e3c705f2","regulationData",{"_35":32,"_36":37,"_117":118,"_119":-5},"regulation_id","overview",{"_38":39,"_40":41,"_42":43,"_44":45,"_46":47,"_48":-5,"_49":50,"_51":52,"_57":58,"_59":60,"_64":65,"_72":73,"_74":75,"_76":77,"_78":79,"_80":81,"_82":83,"_84":85,"_86":17,"_87":88,"_89":90,"_91":92,"_93":94,"_95":96,"_97":98,"_99":100,"_101":102,"_103":104,"_105":106,"_107":108,"_109":110,"_111":112,"_113":114,"_115":116},"title","Undang-undang (UU) Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana","short_title","Undang-undang (UU) Nomor 1 Tahun 2023","number","1","year","2023","published_date","2023-01-02","effective_date","status_id","3611a577-44a0-41ad-986d-7457e14f52ff","status",{"_6":50,"_53":54,"_55":56},"name","Berlaku","description","Peraturan yang masih berlaku dan memiliki kekuatan hukum yang mengikat","type_id","3757c91e-d547-4d86-9075-f0ab6d112a73","type",{"_6":58,"_53":61,"_62":63},"Undang-undang (UU)","short_name","UU","subjects",[66,69],{"_6":67,"_53":68,"_55":-5},"5c23153e-8a22-44ee-bfce-ce6ef5f16760","Hukum Pidana, Perdata & Dagang",{"_6":70,"_53":71,"_55":-5},"9ed2b4ba-9cd8-4645-a98f-50ddc00501df","Penegakan Hukum Pidana","tags",[],"location","Pemerintah Pusat","place_of_enactment","Jakarta","theme","Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana","subject_matter","UU ini mengatur mengenai Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP). UU ini berisi Buku Kesatu dan Buku Kedua. Buku Kesatu UU ini Buku Kesatu berisi aturan umum sebagai pedoman bagi penerapan Buku Kedua serta Undang-Undang di luar Undang-Undang ini, Peraturan Daerah Provinsi, dan Peraturan Daerah kabupaten/Kota, kecuali ditentukan lain menurut Undang-Undang sehingga Buku Kesatu juga menjadi dasar bagi Undang-Undang di luar Undang-Undang ini.","abstract","\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Kitab - Undang-Undang - Hukum Pidana - kuhp
2023
Undang-undang (UU) NO. 1, LN.2023/No.1, TLN No.6842 , jdih.setneg.go.id: 229 hlm.
Undang-undang (UU) TENTANG Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana
ABSTRAK:	\n \n Untuk mewujudkan hukum pidana nasional Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia yang berdasarkan Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 serta asas hukum umum yang diakui masyarakat bangsa-bangsa, perlu disusun hukum pidana nasional untuk mengganti Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana warisan pemerintah kolonial Hindia Belanda. \n Dasar hukum UU ini adalah Pasal 5 ayat (1) dan Pasal 20 Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. \n UU ini mengatur mengenai Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP). UU ini berisi Buku Kesatu dan Buku Kedua. Buku Kesatu UU ini Buku Kesatu berisi aturan umum sebagai pedoman bagi penerapan Buku Kedua serta Undang-Undang di luar Undang-Undang ini, Peraturan Daerah Provinsi, dan Peraturan Daerah kabupaten/Kota, kecuali ditentukan lain menurut Undang-Undang sehingga Buku Kesatu juga menjadi dasar bagi Undang-Undang di luar Undang-Undang ini. \n \n
CATATAN:	\n \n Undang-undang (UU) ini mulai berlaku pada tanggal . \n UU ini mencabut beberapa ketentuan dan UU sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 622 ayat (1). \n Undang-Undang ini mulai berlaku setelah 3 (tiga) tahun terhitung sejak tanggal diundangkan. \n Lampiran file: 345 hlm (Batang tubuh hlm 1 sd 229; Lampiran hlm 230 sd 345). \n \n

","regulatory_relationship","

Peraturan Pendahulu

Peraturan ini mencabut:

Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana warisan pemerintahan kolonial Hindia Belanda

Peraturan ini mengubah:

","scope_and_parties","policy_content","

Isi Kebijakan

Latar Belakang dan Tujuan: Undang-Undang ini disusun untuk mewujudkan hukum pidana nasional yang menggantikan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana warisan pemerintahan kolonial Hindia Belanda dan disesuaikan dengan politik hukum, keadaan, serta perkembangan kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa, dan bernegara. Tujuan kebijakan meliputi penghormatan dan pemajuan hak asasi manusia serta keseimbangan antara kepentingan umum dan kepentingan individu, perlindungan pelaku dan korban, serta keterpaduan nilai nasional dan nilai universal sebagaimana tertuang dalam pertimbangan undang-undang.

Ketentuan Substansial: Undang-Undang menetapkan asas pembentukan tindak pidana (prinsip legalitas dan larangan analogi), ruang lingkup teritorial dan ekstrateritorial penerapan hukum pidana (asas teritorial, pelindungan, nasional pasif, nasional aktif, dan asas universal), serta definisi tindak pidana meliputi permufakatan jahat, persiapan, percobaan, penyertaan, pembantuan, dan pengulangan. Diatur pula pertanggungjawaban pidana perseorangan dan korporasi, dasar-dasar pembobotan dan tujuan pemidanaan, jenis-jenis pidana pokok dan tambahan (termasuk pidana penjara, denda, pidana kerja sosial, pencabutan hak, perampasan, dan pidana mati sebagai ancaman alternatif), serta tindakan rehabilitatif dan pembinaan untuk kelompok tertentu (anak, penyandang disabilitas mental/intelektual). Ketentuan juga mengatur asas perhitungan kedaluwarsa penuntutan dan pelaksanaan pidana serta aturan umum penerapan hukum pidana terhadap perbuatan yang diatur dalam peraturan lainnya.

","transitional_provisions","1. Jika terdapat perubahan peraturan perundang-undangan sesudah perbuatan terjadi, diberlakukan peraturan perundang-undangan yang baru, kecuali ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang lama menguntungkan bagi pelaku dan pembantu tindak pidana. 2. Jika perbuatan yang terjadi tidak lagi merupakan tindak pidana menurut peraturan perundang-undangan yang baru, proses hukum terhadap tersangka atau terdakwa dihentikan demi hukum. 3. Jika ketentuan pada angka 2 diterapkan bagi tersangka atau terdakwa yang berada dalam tahanan, tersangka atau terdakwa dibebaskan oleh pejabat yang berwenang sesuai dengan tingkat pemeriksaan. 4. Jika setelah putusan pemidanaan berkekuatan hukum tetap perbuatan yang terjadi tidak lagi merupakan tindak pidana menurut peraturan perundang-undangan yang baru, pelaksanaan putusan pemidanaan dihapuskan. 5. Pembebasan sebagaimana dimaksud tidak menimbulkan hak bagi tersangka, terdakwa, atau terpidana menuntut ganti rugi. 6. Jika setelah putusan pemidanaan berkekuatan hukum tetap perbuatan yang terjadi diancam dengan pidana yang lebih ringan menurut peraturan perundang-undangan yang baru, pelaksanaan putusan pemidanaan disesuaikan dengan batas pidana menurut peraturan perundang-undangan yang baru.","sanctions","1. Pasal 1 ayat (1): Tidak ada satu perbuatan pun yang dapat dikenai sanksi pidana dan/atau tindakan kecuali atas dasar peraturan pidana yang telah ada sebelum perbuatan dilakukan. 2. Pasal 12 ayat (1): Tindak pidana adalah perbuatan yang oleh peraturan perundang-undangan diancam dengan sanksi pidana dan/atau tindakan.","revokes",[],"revoked_by",[],"partially_revokes",[],"partially_revoked_by",[],"amends",[],"amended_by",[],"partially_amends",[],"partially_amended_by",[],"establishes",[],"established_by",[],"constitutional_review",[],"is_verified",false,"english_excerpt","

COPY\n\nCONSIDERING\n\nTHE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA\n\nLAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA\nNUMBER 1 OF 2023\nCONCERNING\nTHE PENAL CODE\n\nBY THE GRACE OF GOD ALMIGHTY\nTHE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA,

\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n

Considering:	\n a. that in order to realize a national criminal law of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia as well as general legal principles recognized by the international community, it is necessary to formulate a national criminal law to replace the Penal Code inherited from the colonial administration of the Dutch East Indies; \n b. that such national criminal law must be adapted to legal politics, conditions, and developments of social, national, and state life aiming to respect and uphold human rights, based on the belief in the One and Only God, a just and civilized humanity, the unity of Indonesia, democracy guided by the inner wisdom in the unanimity arising out of deliberations among representatives, and social justice for all the people of Indonesia; \n c. that the material of the national criminal law must also regulate the balance between the public or state interest and the interest of individuals, between protection of perpetrators of criminal acts and victims of criminal acts, between the elements of the act and the mental attitude, between legal certainty and justice, between written law and law living in society, between national values and universal values, as well as between human rights and fundamental human duties; \n Based on the considerations referred to in letters a, b, and c, it is necessary to establish a Law concerning the Penal Code;\n
Considering:	Article 5 paragraph (1) and Article 20 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia;
Deciding:	\n With Joint Approval \n THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA and THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA\n

\n\n

DECIDES:

\n\n

LAW CONCERNING THE PENAL CODE

\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n

FIRST BOOK
GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER I
SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF THE PROVISIONS OF CRIMINAL LEGISLATION

Section One
By Time

Article 1

\n\n

No act shall be subject to criminal sanction and/or measures except by the force of criminal provisions in the legislation existing before the act was committed.
In determining the existence of a criminal act, analogy is prohibited.

\n\n

Article 2

The provisions referred to in Article 1 paragraph (1) do not reduce the validity of the law living in society which determines that a person deserves to be punished even though the act is not regulated in this Law.
The law living in society referred to in paragraph (1) applies in the place where that law lives and insofar as it is not regulated in this Law and is in accordance with the values contained in Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, human rights, and general legal principles recognized by the international community.
Provisions regarding the procedures and criteria for determining the law living in society shall be regulated by Government Regulation.

\n\n

Article 3

In the event of changes in legislation after the act occurred, the new legislation shall apply, except that the provisions of the old legislation are advantageous to the perpetrator and accomplices of the criminal act.
In the event that an act that occurred is no longer a criminal act according to the new legislation, the legal process against the suspect or defendant must be terminated by law.
If the provision referred to in paragraph (2) is applied to a suspect or defendant who is in custody, the suspect or defendant shall be released by the authorized official in accordance with the level of examination.
If after a custodial sentence has permanent legal force and the act committed is no longer a criminal act under the new legislation, the execution of the custodial sentence shall be abolished.
If the custodial sentence has permanent legal force as referred to in paragraph (4), the agency or official executing the release shall be the agency or official authorized.
The release referred to in paragraphs (3) and (5) does not give rise to the right for the suspect, defendant, or convicted person to claim compensation.
If after a custodial sentence has permanent legal force and the act committed is punishable by a lighter penalty under the new legislation, the execution of the custodial sentence shall be adjusted to the penalty limit under the new legislation.

\n\n

Section Two
By Place

Paragraph 1
Principle of Territory

\n\n

Article 4

a. criminal acts in the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia;

b. criminal acts on Indonesian ships or Indonesian aircraft; or

c. criminal acts in the field of information technology or other criminal acts the consequences of which are experienced or occur in the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia or on Indonesian ships and on Indonesian aircraft.

\n\n

Paragraph 2
Protection Principle and Passive Nationality Principle

Article 5

The criminal provisions in this Law apply to any person outside the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia who commits an act against the interests of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia related to:

state security or the process of constitutional life;
the dignity of the President, Vice President, and/or Indonesian officials abroad;
currency, seal, state stamp, stamp duty, or securities issued by the Government of Indonesia, or credit cards issued by Indonesian banking;
the economy, trade, and banking of Indonesia;
the safety or security of shipping and aviation;
the safety or security of national buildings, equipment, and assets of the Indonesian state;
the safety or security of electronic communication systems;
the national interests of Indonesia as stipulated in laws; or
Indonesian citizens based on international agreements with the country where the criminal act occurred.

\n\n

Paragraph 3
Universal Principle

Article 6

The criminal provisions in this Law apply to any person who is outside the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia who commits an act that, according to international law, has been determined as a criminal act in the Law.

\n\n

Article 7

The criminal provisions in this Law apply to any person who commits a criminal act outside the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia whose prosecution is taken over by the Government of Indonesia on the basis of an international agreement granting authority to the Government of Indonesia to carry out criminal prosecution.

\n\n

Paragraph 4
Active Nationality Principle

Article 8

The criminal provisions in this Law apply to any Indonesian citizen who commits a criminal act outside the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.
The provision referred to in paragraph (1) applies if the act is also a criminal act in the country where the criminal act was committed.
The provision referred to in paragraph (1) does not apply to criminal acts punishable by a fine of at most category III.
Prosecution of the criminal act referred to in paragraph (1) is carried out even if the suspect becomes an Indonesian citizen after the criminal act was committed, insofar as the act is a criminal act in the country where the criminal act was committed.
An Indonesian citizen outside the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia who commits a criminal act as referred to in paragraph (1) cannot be sentenced to death if the criminal act under the law of the country where the criminal act was committed is not punishable by death.

\n\n

Paragraph 5
Exceptions

Article 9

The application of the provisions referred to in Articles 4 to 8 is limited by exceptions under applicable international agreements.

\n\n

Section Three
Time of Criminal Act

Article 10

The time of the criminal act is the moment the punishable act is committed.

\n\n

Section Four
Place of Criminal Act

Article 11

The place of the criminal act is the place where the punishable act is committed.

\n\n

CHAPTER II
CRIMINAL ACTS AND CRIMINAL LIABILITY

Section One
Criminal Acts

Paragraph 1
General

Article 12

A criminal act is an act that is threatened with criminal sanctions and/or measures by legislation.
To be declared a criminal act, an act threatened with criminal sanctions and/or measures by legislation must be unlawful or contrary to the law living in society.
Every criminal act is always unlawful, unless there is a justification.

\n\n

Paragraph 2
Malicious Conspiracy

Article 13

Malicious conspiracy occurs if two or more persons agree to commit a criminal act.
Malicious conspiracy to commit a criminal act is punishable if expressly provided for in the Law.
The penalty for malicious conspiracy to commit a criminal act is at most one-third of the maximum principal penalty for the criminal act in question.
Malicious conspiracy to commit a criminal act punishable by death or life imprisonment is punished by imprisonment for a maximum of seven years.
Additional penalties for malicious conspiracy to commit a criminal act are the same as the additional penalties for the criminal act in question.

\n\n

Article 14

Malicious conspiracy to commit a criminal act is not punished if the perpetrator:

withdraws from the agreement; or
performs actions that are proper to prevent the occurrence of the criminal act.

\n\n

Paragraph 3
Preparation

\n\n\n \n \n

\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n

\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n

	\n Article 15 \n (1) Preparation to commit a criminal offense occurs if the perpetrator attempts to obtain or prepare means in the form of tools, gathers information or arranges an action plan, or performs similar actions intended to create the conditions for the commission of an act that is directly aimed at the completion of a criminal offense. \n (2) Preparation to commit a criminal offense is punishable if explicitly provided for in the Law. \n (3) The penalty for preparation to commit a criminal offense is at most 1/2 (one half) of the maximum principal penalty threat for the criminal offense in question. \n (4) Preparation to commit a criminal offense that is punishable by death or life imprisonment is punishable by imprisonment for a maximum of 10 (ten) years. \n (5) Additional penalties for preparation to commit a criminal offense are the same as the additional penalties for the criminal offense in question.\n
	\n Article 16 \n Preparation to commit a criminal offense is not punishable if the perpetrator stops or prevents the possibility of the creation of the conditions referred to in Article 15 paragraph (1).\n
	\n Paragraph 4 Attempt \n Article 17 \n (1) An attempt to commit a criminal offense occurs if the perpetrator's intent has become apparent from the beginning of the execution of the intended criminal offense, but its execution is not completed, does not achieve the result, or does not produce the prohibited consequence, not solely by his own will. \n (2) The beginning of the execution as referred to in paragraph (1) occurs if: \n\n a. the act committed is intended or directed to the occurrence of the criminal offense; and \n\n b. the act committed directly has the potential to produce the intended criminal offense. \n (3) The penalty for an attempt to commit a criminal offense is at most 2/3 (two thirds) of the maximum principal penalty threat for the criminal offense in question. \n (4) An attempt to commit a criminal offense that is punishable by death or life imprisonment is punishable by imprisonment for a maximum of 15 (fifteen) years. \n (5) Additional penalties for an attempt to commit a criminal offense are the same as the additional penalties for the criminal offense in question.\n
	\n Article 18 \n (1) An attempt to commit a criminal offense is not punishable if, after beginning the execution as referred to in Article 17 paragraph (1): \n\n a. the perpetrator does not complete his act due to his own voluntary will; or \n\n b. by his own will prevents the attainment of the purpose or consequence of his act. \n (2) In the case where the attempt as referred to in paragraph (1) has caused loss or according to statutory provisions constitutes a separate criminal offense, the perpetrator may be held accountable for that criminal offense.\n
	\n Article 19 \n An attempt to commit a criminal offense that is only punishable by a fine of at most category II is not punishable.\n
	\n Paragraph 5 Participation \n Article 20 \n Any person is punished as the perpetrator of a criminal offense if: \n\n a. he commits the criminal offense himself; \n\n b. he commits the criminal offense by means of an instrument or orders another person who cannot be held accountable; \n\n c. he participates in committing the criminal offense; or \n\n d. he instigates another person to commit a criminal offense by giving or promising something, abusing power or dignity, using violence, using threats of violence, committing deception, or by providing opportunity, means, or information.\n
	\n Article 21 \n (1) Any person is punished as an accessory to a criminal offense if intentionally: \n\n a. he gives opportunity, means, or information to commit the criminal offense; or \n\n b. he provides assistance at the time the criminal offense is committed. \n (2) The provision as referred to in paragraph (1) does not apply to assistance in committing a criminal offense that is only punishable by a fine of at most category II. \n (3) The penalty for assisting in committing a criminal offense is at most 2/3 (two thirds) of the maximum principal penalty threat for the criminal offense in question. \n (4) Assistance in committing a criminal offense that is punishable by death or life imprisonment is punishable by imprisonment for a maximum of 15 (fifteen) years. \n (5) Additional penalties for assistance in committing a criminal offense are the same as the additional penalties for the criminal offense in question.\n
	\n Article 22 \n The personal circumstances of the perpetrator as referred to in Article 20 or the accessory as referred to in Article 21 may eliminate, reduce, or increase his penalty.\n
	\n Paragraph 6 Recurrence \n Article 23 \n (1) Recurrence of a criminal offense occurs if any person: \n\n a. commits a criminal offense again within 5 (five) years after serving the whole or part of the principal sentence imposed or the principal sentence imposed has been expunged; or \n\n b. at the time of committing the criminal offense, the obligation to serve the previously imposed principal sentence has not expired. \n (2) The criminal offenses referred to in paragraph (1) include criminal offenses that are punishable with special minimum penalties, imprisonment of 4 (four) years or more, or a fine of at least category III. \n (3) The provisions referred to in paragraph (1) also apply to criminal offenses regarding assault.\n
	\n Paragraph 7 Complaints-Based Criminal Offenses \n Article 24 \n (1) In certain cases, a perpetrator of a criminal offense can only be prosecuted on the basis of a complaint. \n (2) A complaints-based criminal offense must be explicitly stipulated in the Law.\n
	\n Article 25 \n (1) In the case where the victim of a complaints-based criminal offense is under 16 (sixteen) years old, the person entitled to file a complaint is the parent or guardian. \n (2) If the parent or guardian referred to in paragraph (1) does not exist or the parent or guardian himself/herself must be complained about, the complaint is made by a blood relative in the direct line. \n (3) If the blood relative in the direct line referred to in paragraph (2) does not exist, the complaint is made by a blood relative in the collateral line up to the third degree. \n (4) If the victim of the criminal offense as referred to in paragraph (1) has no parent, guardian, or blood relatives in the direct upward line or collateral line up to the third degree, the complaint is made by the victim himself/herself and/or a companion.\n
	\n Article 26 \n (1) If the victim of a complaints-based criminal offense is under guardianship, the person entitled to file a complaint is the guardian, except for victims under guardianship due to prodigality. \n (2) If the guardian referred to in paragraph (1) does not exist or the guardian himself/herself must be complained about, the complaint is made by the spouse of the victim or a blood relative in the direct line. \n (3) If the spouse of the victim or a blood relative in the direct line referred to in paragraph (2) does not exist, the complaint is made by a blood relative in the collateral line up to the third degree.\n
	\n Article 27 \n If the victim of a complaints-based criminal offense dies, the complaint may be made by the parents, children, spouse, or spouse of the victim, unless the victim had previously expressly objected to prosecution.\n
	\n Article 28 \n (1) A complaint is made by submitting a notification and a request to prosecute. \n (2) The complaint referred to in paragraph (1) is submitted orally or in writing to the competent official.\n
	\n Article 29 \n (1) A complaint must be submitted within the time limit of: \n\n a. 6 (six) months from the date the person entitled to complain becomes aware of the criminal offense if the person entitled to complain resides within the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia; or \n\n b. 9 (nine) months from the date the person entitled to complain becomes aware of the criminal offense if the person entitled to complain resides outside the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. \n (2) If there is more than one person entitled to complain, the time limit referred to in paragraph (1) is calculated from the date each complainant becomes aware of the criminal offense.\n
	\n Article 30 \n (1) A complaint may be withdrawn by the complainant within 3 (three) months from the date the complaint is submitted. \n (2) A withdrawn complaint cannot be submitted again.\n
	\n Paragraph 8 Justifying Reasons \n Article 31 \n Any person who performs a prohibited act is not punished if that act is carried out to implement the provisions of statutory regulations.\n
	\n Article 32 \n Any person who performs a prohibited act is not punished if that act is carried out to execute an official order from a competent official.\n
	\n Article 33 \n Any person who performs a prohibited act is not punished if that act is committed due to an emergency.\n
	\n Article 34 \n Any person who is forced to commit a prohibited act is not punished if the act is carried out as a defense against an unlawful instantaneous attack or threat of attack against himself or another person, honor in the sense of decency, or property of himself or another person.\n
	\n Article 35 \n The absence of unlawfulness of the criminal act as referred to in Article 12 paragraph (2) constitutes a justifying reason.\n
	\n Part Two Criminal Liability \n Paragraph 1 General \n Article 36 \n (1) Any person can only be held criminally responsible for a criminal offense committed intentionally or negligently. \n (2) Acts that can be punished are criminal offenses committed intentionally, whereas criminal offenses committed due to negligence can be punished if explicitly provided for in statutory regulations.\n
	\n Article 37 \n In cases determined by Law, any person may: \n\n a. be punished solely because the elements of the criminal offense have been fulfilled without regard to the existence of fault; or \n\n b. be held responsible for a criminal offense committed by another person.\n
	\n Article 38 \n Any person who at the time of committing a criminal offense suffers from a mental disability and/or intellectual disability may have their penalty reduced and/or be subject to measures.\n

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